Surgery
Volume 143, Issue 3 , Pages 305-312 , March 2008

Contemporary standards for the diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

  • Zachary K. Baldwin, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Zachary K. Baldwin, MD, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143.
    • ,
  • Austin L. Spitzer, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
    • ,
  • Valerie L. Ng, PhD, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
    • Department of Pathology, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, Calif
    • ,
  • Alden H. Harken, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Calif

,Accepted 6 September 2007.

References 

  1. Amiral J, Peynaud-Debayle E, Wolf M, Bridey F, Vissac AM, Meyer D. Generation of antibodies to heparin-PF4 complexes without thrombocytopenia in patients treated with unfractionated or low-molecular weight heparin. Am J Hematol. 1996;52:90–95
  2. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JA, Horsewood P, Simpson PJ, Moore JC, Kelton JG. Impact of the patient population on the risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2000;96:1703–1708
  3. Mureebe L, Silver D. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: pathophysiology and management. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2002;36:163–170
  4. Rauova L, Zhai L, Kowalska MA, Arepally GM, Cines DB, Poncz M. Role of platelet surface PF4 antigenic complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia pathogenesis: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Blood. 2006;107:2346–2353
  5. Calaitges JG, Liem TK, Spadone D, Nichols WK, Silver D. The role of heparin-associated antiplatelet antibodies in the outcome of arterial reconstruction. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29:779–785
  6. Kelton JG. The pathophysiology of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Chest. 2005;127:9S–20S
  7. Denomme GA, Warkentin TE, Horsewood P, Sheppard JA, Warner MN, Kelton JG. Activation of platelets by sera containing IgG1 heparin-dependent antibodies: an explanation for the predominance of Fc gammaRIIa “low responder” (his131) gene in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Lab Clin Med. 1997;130:278–284
  8. Janatpour KA, Gosselin RC, Dager WE, Lee A, Owings JT, Xhou J, et al. Usefulness of optical density values from heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody testing and probability scoring models to diagnose heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Clin Path. 2007;127:429–433
  9. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JA, Moore JC, Moore KM, Sigouin CS, Kelton JG. Laboratory testing for the antibodies that cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: how much class do we need?. J Lab Clin Med. 2005;146:341–346
  10. Warkentin TE, Heddle NM. Laboratory diagnosis of immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Curr Hematol Rep. 2003;2:148–157
  11. Lubenow N, Eichler P, Lietz T, Farner B, Greinacher A. Lepirudin for prophylaxis of thrombosis in patients with acute isolated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: an analysis of 3 prospective studies. Blood. 2004;104:3072–3077
  12. Sheth SB, DiCicco RA, Hursting MJ, Montague T, Jorkasky DK. Interpreting the International Normalized Ratio (INR) in individuals receiving argatroban and warfarin. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:435–440

PII: S0039-6060(07)00633-2

doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2007.09.036

Surgery
Volume 143, Issue 3 , Pages 305-312 , March 2008

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