Surgery
Volume 145, Issue 5 , Pages 495-499 , May 2009

Intramammary lymph nodes: Patterns of discovery and clinical significance

  • Sandeep S. Vijan, MBBS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Steven Hamilton

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Beiyun Chen, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Carol Reynolds, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Judy C. Boughey, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Amy C. Degnim, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Amy C. Degnim, MD, Mayo Clinic, Department of Surgery, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901.

,Accepted 27 January 2009.

References 

  1. Fitzgibbons PL, Page DL, Weaver D, Thor AD, Allred DC, Clark GM, et al. Prognostic factors in breast cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:966–978
  2. Schmidt WA, Boudousquie AC, Vetto JT, Pommier RF, Alexander P, Thurmond A, et al. Lymph nodes in the human female breast: a review of their detection and significance. Hum Pathol. 2001;32:178–187
  3. Egan RL, McSweeney MB. Intramammary lymph nodes. Cancer. 1983;51:1838–1842
  4. Shen J, Hunt KK, Mirza NQ, Krishnamurthy S, Singletary SE, Kuerer HM, et al. Intramammary lymph node metastases are an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2004;101:1330–1337
  5. Guth AA, Mercado C, Roses DF, Hiotis K, Skinner K, Diflo T, et al. Intramammary lymph nodes and breast cancer: a marker for disease severity, or just another lymph node?. Am J Surg. 2006;192:502–505
  6. Gunhan-Bilgen I, Memis A, Ustun EE. Metastatic intramammary lymph nodes: mammographic and ultrasonographic features. Eur J Radiol. 2001;40:24–29
  7. Upponi S, Kalra S, Poultsidis A, Bobrow L, Purushotham AD. The significance of intramammary nodes in primary breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2001;27:707–708
  8. Intra M, Garcia-Etienne CA, Renne G, Trifirò G, Rotmensz N, Gentilini OD, et al. When sentinel lymph node is intramammary. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:1304–1308
  9. Fisher B, Jeong JH, Anderson S, Bryant J, Fisher ER, Wolmark N. Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:567–575
  10. Lyman GH, Giuliano AE, Somerfield MR, Benson AB, Bodurka DC, Burstein HJ, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:7703–7720
  11. Kim T, Giuliano AE, Lyman GH. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast carcinoma: a metaanalysis. Cancer. 2006;106:4–16
  12. Jansen L, Doting MH, Rutgers EJ, de Vries J, Olmos RA, Nieweg OE. Clinical relevance of sentinel lymph nodes outside the axilla in patients with breast cancer. Br J Surg. 2000;87:920–925

PII: S0039-6060(09)00074-9

doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.01.015

Surgery
Volume 145, Issue 5 , Pages 495-499 , May 2009

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