Surgery
Volume 147, Issue 1 , Pages 89-97 , January 2010

Spatiotemporal progression of localized bacterial peritonitis before and after open abdomen lavage monitored by in vivo bioluminescent imaging

  • Prashant K. Sharma, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Prashant K. Sharma, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering (Sector F), University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
  • ,
  • Eefje Engels

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Wim Van Oeveren, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Rutger J. Ploeg, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • C. van Henny der Mei, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Henk J. Busscher, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Gooitzen M. Van Dam, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • BioOptical Imaging Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Gerhard Rakhorst, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

,Accepted 21 May 2009.

References 

  1. Achord JL. Mortality associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;33:259–260
  2. Agarwal N, Saha S, Srivastava A, Chumber S, Dhar A, Garg S. Peritonitis: 10 years' experience in a single surgical unit. Trop Gastroenterol. 2007;28:117–120
  3. Bohnen J, Boulanger M, Meakins JL, McLean AP. Prognosis in generalized peritonitis. Relation to cause and risk factors. Arch Surg. 1983;118:285–290
  4. Okubo R, Yajima K, Sakai Y, Kido T, Hirano K, Musha N, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes of surgery for diffuse peritonitis in patients 80 years of age and older. Surg Today. 2008;38:413–419
  5. Parsi MA, Atreja A, Zein NN. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent data on incidence and treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:569–576
  6. Perez Fontan M, Rodriguez-Carmona A, Garcia-Naveiro R, Rosales M, Villaverde P, Valdes F. Peritonitis-related mortality in patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2005;25:274–284
  7. Roehrborn A, Thomas L, Potreck O, Ebener C, Ohmann C, Goretzki PE, et al. The microbiology of postoperative peritonitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:1513–1519
  8. Bosscha K, van Vroonhoven TJ, van der Werken C. Surgical management of severe secondary peritonitis. Br J Surg. 1999;86:1371–1377
  9. Bosscha K, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Gooszen AW, Duijvenbode-Beumer H, Visser MR, Verweij WR, et al. A standardised and reproducible model of intraabdominal infection and abscess formation in rats. Eur J Surg. 2000;166:963–967
  10. Edmiston CE, Goheen MP, Kornhall S, Jones FE, Condon RE. Fecal peritonitis: microbial adherence to serosal mesothelium and resistance to peritoneal lavage. World J Surg. 1990;14:176–183
  11. Volk HW, Schneider J, Dammrich J, Doll W, Horl M, Bruch HP. Animal model for chronic-abscess-forming peritonitis: histology and microbiology. Eur Surg Res. 1990;22:347–355
  12. Dunn DL, Rotstein OD, Simmons RL. Fibrin in peritonitis. IV. Synergistic intraperitoneal infection caused by Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis within fibrin clots. Arch Surg. 1984;119:139–144
  13. Rotstein OD, Pruett TL, Simmons RL. Fibrin in peritonitis. V. Fibrin inhibits phagocytic killing of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Ann Surg. 1986;203:413–419
  14. van Goor H, de Graaf JS, Kooi K, Sluiter WJ, Bom VJ, van der Meer J, et al. Effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator on intra-abdominal abscess formation in rats with generalized peritonitis. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;179:407–411
  15. van Goor H, de Graaf JS, Grond J, Sluiter WJ, van der Meer J, Bom VJ, et al. Fibrinolytic activity in the abdominal cavity of rats with faecal peritonitis. Br J Surg. 1994;81:1046–1049
  16. Verweij WR, Namavar F, Schouten WF, Kostense PJ, Pellenkoft M, de Graaff J, et al. In-vitro activity of peritoneal cells from rats after intra-abdominal infection with Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli. J Med Microbiol. 1993;38:13–18
  17. Matlow AG, Bohnen JM, Nohr C, Christou N, Meakins J. Pathogenicity of enterococci in a rat model of fecal peritonitis. J Infect Dis. 1989;160:142–145
  18. Michailova L, Markova N, Radoucheva T, Stoitsova S, Kussovski V, Jordanova M. Atypical behaviour and survival of Streptococcus pyogenes L forms during intraperitoneal infection in rats. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2000;28:55–65
  19. Akkus A, Gulmen M, Cevik A, Bildik N, Sad O, Ozturk E, et al. Effect of peritoneal lavage with taurolidine on primary colonic anastomosis in a rat model of secondary peritonitis. Surg Today. 2006;36:436–440
  20. Bae JS, Jang KH, Jin HK. Comparison of intraperitoneal anti-adhesive polysaccharides derived from Phellinus mushrooms in a rat peritonitis model. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:810–816
  21. Bulbuloglu E, Ezberci F, Gul M, Kurutas EB, Bozkurt S, Kale IT, et al. Effects of the intraperitoneal lornoxicam on the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in rat peritonitis model. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:1115–1119
  22. Muller SA, Treutner KH, Haase G, Kinzel S, Tietze L, Schumpelick V. Effect of intraperitoneal antiadhesive fluids in a rat peritonitis model. Arch Surg. 2003;138:286–290
  23. Reijnen MM, Skrabut EM, Postma VA, Burns JW, van Goor H. Polyanionic polysaccharides reduce intra-abdominal adhesion and abscess formation in a rat peritonitis model. J Surg Res. 2001;101:248–253
  24. Sharma PK, Rakhorst G, Engels E, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Ploeg RJ. Microbubble-enriched lavage fluid for treatment of experimental peritonitis. Br J Surg. 2008;95:522–529
  25. Ljungdahl M, Fossum C, Alm G, Haglund U. Immune cell distribution in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and synthesis of IL-6 in experimental porcine peritonitis. Eur Surg Res. 2000;32:323–330
  26. Rosman C, Westerveld GJ, Kooi K, Bleichrodt RP. Local treatment of generalised peritonitis in rats; effects on bacteria, endotoxin and mortality. Eur J Surg. 1999;165:1072–1079
  27. Bondar VM, Rago C, Cottone FJ, Wilkerson DK, Riggs J. Chlorhexidine lavage in the treatment of experimental intra-abdominal infection. Arch Surg. 2000;135:309–314
  28. Sikkink CJ, de Man B, Bleichrodt RP, van Goor H. Auto-cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel does not reduce intra-abdominal adhesions or abscess formation in a rat model of peritonitis. J Surg Res. 2006;136:255–259
  29. Contag CH, Contag PR, Mullins JI, Spilman SD, Stevenson DK, Benaron DA. Photonic detection of bacterial pathogens in living hosts. Mol Microbiol. 1995;18:593–603
  30. Francis KP, Joh D, Bellinger-Kawahara C, Hawkinson MJ, Purchio TF, Contag PR. Monitoring bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus infections in living mice using a novel luxABCDE construct. Infect Immun. 2000;68:3594–3600
  31. Rocchetta HL, Boylan CJ, Foley JW, Iversen PW, LeTourneau DL, McMillian CL, et al. Validation of a noninvasive, real-time imaging technology using bioluminescent Escherichia coli in the neutropenic mouse thigh model of infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:129–137
  32. Francis KP, Yu J, Bellinger-Kawahara C, Joh D, Hawkinson MJ, Xiao G, et al. Visualizing pneumococcal infections in the lungs of live mice using bioluminescent Streptococcus pneumoniae transformed with a novel gram-positive lux transposon. Infect Immun. 2001;69:3350–3358
  33. Kadurugamuwa JL, Sin LV, Yu J, Francis KP, Kimura R, Purchio T, et al. Rapid direct method for monitoring antibiotics in a mouse model of bacterial biofilm infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:3130–3137
  34. Kadurugamuwa JL, Sin L, Albert E, Yu J, Francis K, DeBoer M, et al. Direct continuous method for monitoring biofilm infection in a mouse model. Infect Immun. 2003;71:882–890
  35. Kuklin NA, Pancari GD, Tobery TW, Cope L, Jackson J, Gill C, et al. Real-time monitoring of bacterial infection in vivo: development of bioluminescent staphylococcal foreign-body and deep-thigh-wound mouse infection models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:2740–2748
  36. Kadurugamuwa JL, Modi K, Yu J, Francis KP, Purchio T, Contag PR. Noninvasive biophotonic imaging for monitoring of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and therapy in mice. Infect Immun. 2005;73:3878–3887
  37. Kadurugamuwa JL, Modi K, Coquoz O, Rice B, Smith S, Contag PR, et al. Reduction of astrogliosis by early treatment of pneumococcal meningitis measured by simultaneous imaging, in vivo, of the pathogen and host response. Infect Immun. 2005;73:7836–7843
  38. Doyle TC, Nawotka KA, Purchio AF, Akin AR, Francis KP, Contag PR. Expression of firefly luciferase in Candida albicans and its use in the selection of stable transformants. Microb Pathog. 2006;40:69–81
  39. Doyle TC, Nawotka KA, Kawahara CB, Francis KP, Contag PR. Visualizing fungal infections in living mice using bioluminescent pathogenic Candida albicans strains transformed with the firefly luciferase gene. Microb Pathog. 2006;40:82–90
  40. Engelsman AF, van der Mei HC, Francis KP, Busscher HJ, Ploeg RJ, Van Dam GM. Real time noninvasive monitoring of contaminating bacteria in a soft tissue implant infection model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2009;88:123–129
  41. Mortin LI, Li T, Van Praagh AD, Zhang S, Zhang XX, Alder JD. Rapid bactericidal activity of daptomycin against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis in mice as measured with bioluminescent bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1787–1794
  42. Xiong YQ, Willard J, Kadurugamuwa JL, Yu J, Francis KP, Bayer AS. Real-time in vivo bioluminescent imaging for evaluating the efficacy of antibiotics in a rat Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:380–387
  43. Christian NA, Mil1MC Ranka SS, Li G, Frail PR, Davis KP, et al. Tat-functionalized near-infrared emissive polymersomes for dendritic cell labeling. Bioconjug Chem. 2007;18:31–40
  44. Ghoroghchian PP, Frail PR, Susumu K, Blessington D, Brannan AK, Bates FS, et al. Near-infrared-emissive polymersomes: self-assembled soft matter for in vivo optical imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:2922–2927
  45. Min JJ, Nguyen VH, Kim HJ, Hong Y, Choy HE. Quantitative bioluminescence imaging of tumor-targeting bacteria in living animals. Nat Protoc. 2008;3:629–636
  46. Reijnen MM, Meis JF, Postma VA, van Goor H. Prevention of intra-abdominal abscesses and adhesions using a hyaluronic acid solution in a rat peritonitis model. Arch Surg. 1999;134:997–1001
  47. Nystrom PO, Johansson L, Lennquist S. Intra-operative saline irrigation of the peritoneal cavity in experimental post-traumatic peritonitis. Acta Chir Scand. 1983;149:509–515
  48. Palombo JD, Liu K, Greif WM, Rawn JD, Boyce PJ, Forse RA. Effects of laparoscopic vs laparotomy treatment of E. coli peritonitis on hemodynamic responses in a porcine model. Surg Endosc. 1999;13:1001–1006
  49. Pestieau SR, Marchettini P, Stuart OA, Chang D, Sugarbaker PH. Prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions by intraperitoneal lavage and intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil: experimental studies. Int Surg. 2002;87:195–200

 Supported in part by research grant no. SNO-T-0501157 from Stichting Nuts-Ohra, The Netherlands.

PII: S0039-6060(09)00365-1

doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.05.016

Surgery
Volume 147, Issue 1 , Pages 89-97 , January 2010