Surgery
Volume 146, Issue 4 , Pages 533-542 , October 2009

Why Johnny cannot operate

  • Richard H. Bell Jr., MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Richard H. Bell, Jr, MD, Assistant Executive Director, The American Board of Surgery, Inc, 1617 John F. Kennedy Boulevard, Suite 860, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

References 

  1. Ritchie WP, Rhodes RS, Biester TW. Work loads and practice patterns of general surgeons in the United States, 1995-1997: a report from the American Board of Surgery. Ann Surg. 1999;230:533–542
  2. Khuri SF, Henderson WG, Daley J, Jonasson O, Jones RS, Campbell DA, et al. Successful implementation of the Department of Veterans Affairs' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in the private sector: the Patient Safety in Surgery study. Ann Surg. 2008;248:329–336
  3. Gawande AA, Zinner MJ, Studdert DM, Brennan TA. Analysis of errors reported by surgeons at three teaching hospitals. Surgery. 2003;133:614–621
  4. Fabri PJ, Zayas-Castro JL. Human error, not communication and systems, underlies surgical complications. Surgery. 2008;144:557–563
  5. Ericsson KA. An expert-performance perspective of research on medical expertise: the study of clinical performance. Med Educ. 2007;41:1124–1130
  6. Ericsson KA. Deliberate practice and acquisition of expert performance: a general overview. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;151:988–994
  7. Bell RH, Biester TW, Tabuenca AW, Rhodes RS, Cofer JB, Britt LD, et al. Operative experience of residents in US general surgery programs: a gap between expectation and experience. Ann Surg. 2009;249:719–724
  8. Chung RS. How much time do surgical residents need to learn operative surgery?. Am J Surg. 2005;190:351–353
  9. Pugh CM, DaRosa DA, Glenn D, Bell RH. A comparison of faculty and resident perception of resident learning needs in the operating room. J Surg Educ. 2007;64:250–255
  10. Norman G, Eva K, Brooks L, Hamstra S. Expertise in medicine and surgery. In:  Andersson KA,  Charness N,  Feltovich PJ,  Hoffman RR editor. The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 2006;p. 347
  11. Schmidt HG, Norman GR, Boshuizen HPA. A cognitive perspective on medical expertise: theory and implications. Acad Med. 1990;65:611–621
  12. Kairys JC, McGuire K, Crawford A, Yeo CJ. Cumulative operative experience is decreasing during general surgery residency: a worrisome trend for surgical trainees?. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:804–813
  13. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. General Surgery Case Logs, National Report 2007-8.
  14. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Available from: http://www.acgme.org/Outcome/.
  15. Bell RH. Surgical council on resident education: a new organization devoted to graduate surgical education. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:341–346
  16. Larson JL, Williams RG, Ketchum J, Boehler ML, Dunnington GL. Feasibility, reliability and validity of an operative performance rating system for evaluating surgical residents. Surgery. 2005;138:640–649

 Presented in an abridged version at the 66th Annual Meeting of the Central Surgical Society, Sarasota, Florida, March 5–7, 2009.

 The opinions expressed in this manuscript are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of the American Board of Surgery or any other surgical organization.

PII: S0039-6060(09)00462-0

doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.06.044

Surgery
Volume 146, Issue 4 , Pages 533-542 , October 2009

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