Background
Arterial inflow occlusion is a well-known mechanism of renal injury during major vascular
surgery. In contrast, renal injury from venous outflow obstruction is poorly understood.
The goal of this study was to examine the injury pattern of renal venous outflow obstruction,
compare this with the traditional model of arterial occlusion, and examine possible
mechanisms.
Methods
Male Fisher rats were used for the renal warm ischemia model. Twenty-five minutes
of renal ischemia was induced by selectively occluding either the renal artery or
vein. After 24 h of reperfusion, whole blood and kidney tissue were collected for
further analysis.
Results
Serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations taken 24 h after reperfusion were significantly
greater in the venous occlusion group (V) when compared to the arterial group (A).
While histology did not demonstrate significant differences in extent of necrosis
between both groups, a stronger inflammatory response resulted from venous occlusion.
Specifically, significantly greater MCP-1 mRNA and significantly greater MCP-1, TNF-α,
and HO-1 protein levels were found in the venous group, while no differences in MIP-2,
ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 mRNA expression existed between A and V. Further analysis demonstrated
presence of increased cleaved caspase-3 protein in the artery group than in the venous
group.
Conclusions
Venous renal outflow obstruction results in more severe functional renal injury when
compared to arterial inflow occlusion. Macrophage activation and neutrophilic infiltration
appear to be exaggerated during venous occlusion.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 03, 2008
Accepted:
July 29,
2007
Footnotes
Supported by a grant from the American Society of Transplant Surgeons (C.U.N. and R.H.), the Foundation of Anesthesia Research and Education (C.U.N.), and Hellman Award (C.U.N.).
Identification
Copyright
© 2008 Mosby, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
