Background
Short-term changes in preoperative nutrition can have profound effects on surgery-related
outcomes such as ischemia/reperfusion injury in preclinical models. Dietary interventions
that lend protection against stress in animal models (eg, fasting, dietary restriction
[DR]) impact adipose tissue quality/quantity. Adipose tissue holds high surgical relevance
because of its anatomic location and large tissue volume, and it is ubiquitously traumatized
during surgery. Yet the response of adipose tissue to trauma under clinically relevant
circumstances including dietary status remains poorly defined. We hypothesized that
preoperative diet alters the adipose tissue response to surgical trauma.
Methods
A novel mouse model of adipose tissue surgical trauma was employed. Dietary conditions
(diet-induced obesity [DIO], preoperative DR) were modulated before application of
surgical adipose tissue trauma in the context of clinically common scenarios (different
ages, simulated bacterial wound contamination). Local/distant adipose tissue phenotypic
responses were measured as represented by gene expression of inflammatory, tissue
remodeling/growth, and metabolic markers.
Results
Surgical trauma had a profound effect on adipose tissue phenotype at the site of trauma.
Milder but significant distal effects on non-traumatized adipose tissue were also
observed. DIO exacerbated the inflammatory aspects of this response, and preoperative
DR tended to reverse these changes. Age and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-simulated bacterial
contamination also impacted the adipose tissue response to trauma, with young adult
animals and LPS treatment exacerbating the proinflammatory response.
Conclusion
Surgical trauma dramatically impacts both local and distal adipose tissue biology.
Short-term preoperative DR may offer a strategy to attenuate this response.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 28, 2012
Accepted:
November 1,
2012
Footnotes
Binh Nguyen and Ming Tao contributed equally to this work.
Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007734), American Heart Association (12GRNT9510001), and the Carl and Ruth Shapiro Family Foundation. Y.E.W. is supported through the CCCB and the Dana-Farber Strategic Plan Initiative.
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 Mosby, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
