Background
In short bowel syndrome, luminal factors influence adaptation in which the truncated
intestine increases villus lengths and crypt depths to increase nutrient absorption.
No study has evaluated the effect of adaptation within the distal intestine after
intestinal separation. We evaluated multiple conditions, including Igf1r inhibition,
in proximal and distal segments after intestinal resection to evaluate the epithelial
effects of the absence of mechanoluminal stimulation.
Methods
Short bowel syndrome was created in adult male zebrafish by performing a proximal
stoma with ligation of the distal intestine. These zebrafish with short bowel syndrome
were compared to sham-operated zebrafish. Groups were treated with the Igf1r inhibitor
NVP-AEW541, DMSO, a vehicle control, or water for 2 weeks. Proximal and distal intestine
were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin for villus epithelial circumference, inner
epithelial perimeter, and circumference. We evaluated BrdU+ cells, including costaining
for β-catenin, and the microbiome was evaluated for changes. Reverse transcription
quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for β-catenin, CyclinD1, Sox9a,
Sox9b, and c-Myc.
Results
Proximal intestine demonstrated significantly increased adaptation compared to sham-operated
proximal intestine, whereas the distal intestine showed no adaptation in the absence
of luminal flow. Addition of the Igf1r inhibitor resulted in decreased adaption in
the distal intestine but an increase in distal proliferative cells and proximal β-catenin
expression. While some proximal proliferative cells in short bowel syndrome colocalized
β-catenin and BrdU, the distal proliferative cells did not co-stain for β-catenin.
Sox9a increased in the distal limb after division but not after inhibition with the
Igf1r inhibitor. There was no difference in alpha diversity or species richness of
the microbiome between all groups.
Conclusion
Luminal flow in conjunction with short bowel syndrome significantly increases intestinal
adaption within the proximal intestine in which proliferative cells contain β-catenin.
Addition of an Igf1r inhibitor decreases adaptation in both proximal and distal limbs
while increasing distal proliferative cells that do not colocalize β-catenin. Igf1r
inhibition abrogates the increase in distal Sox9a expression that otherwise occurs
in short bowel syndrome. Mechanoluminal flow is an important stimulus for intestinal
adaptation.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 20, 2016
Accepted:
October 20,
2016
Footnotes
Supported by the 2014 CHLA CIRM Training Grant and the 2015 Broad Clinical Fellowship sponsored by the Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation.
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
