Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has reached nearly universal adoption in the management
of gallstone-related disease. With advances in operative technology, robotic-assisted
cholecystectomy has been used increasingly in many practices, but few studies have
examined the adoption of robotic assistance for inpatient cholecystectomy and the
temporal outcomes on a national scale. The present study aimed to identify trends
in utilization, as well as outcomes and factors associated with the use of robotic-assisted
cholecystectomy.
Methods
The 2008 to 2017 database of the National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients
undergoing inpatient cholecystectomy. Independent predictors of the use of robotic
assistance for cholecystectomy were identified using multivariable logistic regression
adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics.
Results
Of an estimated 3,193,697 patients undergoing cholecystectomy, 98.7% underwent laparoscopic
cholecystectomy and 1.3% robotic-assisted cholecystectomy. Rates of robotic-assisted
cholecystectomy increased from 0.02% in 2008 to 3.2% in 2017 (nptrend < .001). Compared
with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, patients undergoing robotic-assisted cholecystectomy
had a greater burden of comorbidities as measured by the Elixhauser index (2.2 vs
1.9, P < .001). Although mortality rates were similar, robotic-assisted cholecystectomy
was associated with greater complication rates (15.5% vs 11.7%, P < .001), most notably gastrointestinal-related complications (3.7% vs 1.5%, P < .001). On multivariable regression, robotic-assisted cholecystectomy was associated
with increased costs of hospitalization (β: $2,398, P < .001).
Conclusion
Using the largest national database available, we found a dramatic increase in the
use of robotic-assisted cholecystectomy with no difference in mortality or duration
of hospital stay, but there was a statistically significant increase in complications
and costs. These findings warrant further investigation.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 03, 2020
Accepted:
June 9,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
